減小變頻空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)低速范圍內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)速脈動的方法

張猛 李永東 趙鐵夫 黃立培

清華大學(xué)電力系統(tǒng)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 北京 100084

摘要 近年來永磁同步電機(jī)因其固有優(yōu)點(diǎn)在空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，但常用的永磁同步電機(jī)−單轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)系統(tǒng)由于工作條件的限制無法安裝位置編碼器，受位置估算精度的制約一般采用方波驅(qū)動，必然導(dǎo)致電機(jī)本身輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動偏大。同時在每個機(jī)械周期內(nèi)壓縮機(jī)負(fù)載脈動非常劇烈，也造成整個系統(tǒng)低速運(yùn)行時轉(zhuǎn)速脈動大噪聲高效率降低。本文將模型參考自適應(yīng)方法推廣到凸極永磁同步電機(jī)中對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)子位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確估算，實(shí)現(xiàn)了正弦波矢量控制針對空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)脈動負(fù)載。定義了機(jī)械周期內(nèi)電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩對位置積分的能量，函數(shù)有效地估算出當(dāng)前負(fù)載狀況通過查表法獲得估算的負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩，然后根據(jù)估算的轉(zhuǎn)子位置對負(fù)載脈動轉(zhuǎn)矩進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)矩電流前饋補(bǔ)償，顯著降低了壓縮機(jī)低頻噪聲和振動仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文所提方法的有效性和實(shí)用性。關(guān)鍵詞 永磁同步電機(jī)空調(diào)壓縮機(jī) 無速度傳感器控制 模型參考自適應(yīng)

中圖分類號 TM341

A New Method to Reduce the Periodic Speed Ripples of Air-Conditioners in Low Speed Range

Zhang Meng Li Yongdong Zhao Tiefu Huang Lipei

Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Abstract Recently, permanent magnetic synchronous motors(PMSM) are widely used inhousehold appliance. For a common PMSM-Single Rotator Compressor system, encoder is not usedbecause of the limitation of the working environment. The vibration of the compressor during eachmechanical period is serious due to the pulsating load torque in low speed range and the ripple of themotor output torque caused by square wave driving method. In this paper, a speed estimation methodbased on model reference adaptive system(MRAS) is extended to a interior PMSM. With the speed andposition obtained, vector control of the interior PMSM is realized. A new energy function is defined toestimate the load condition. According to the energy function, the load torque can be estimated by alook-up table. Then a feedforward compensation of load torque current is utilized to reduce the speedripple caused by the pulsating load torque. Simulation and experiment results prove the effectiveness ofthe proposed method.

Keywords PMSM, compressor, sensor-less control, MRAS

1 引言

采用永磁同步電機(jī)驅(qū)動的變頻式滾動轉(zhuǎn)子壓縮機(jī)效率高零部件少重量輕體積小起動電流小節(jié)能效果明顯在小型家用空調(diào)中正日益得到廣泛應(yīng)用[1] 但目前還存在的一些問題限制了這種變頻壓縮機(jī)的推廣應(yīng)用其中z*嚴(yán)重的是低速范圍內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)速波動及由此帶來的低頻噪聲和震動問題。

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